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    Sunday, 28 August 2016

    TAHADHARI MUHIMU KAMA UNATUMIA WHATSAPP

    TAHADHARI MUHIMU KABISA KWA WOTE MNAOTUMIA WHATSAPP. Soma kisha chukua hatua stahili, kisha mfahamishe na mwenzio... na #ThankMeLater. Ni kwamba Whatsapp inamilikiwa na Facebook, na pasipo kuinyima ruhusa Facebook, itatumia taarifa zako za akaunti ya Whatsapp... na hata kama huna uelewa wa kutosha wa usalama wako mtandaoni (cyber security), hicho sio kitu kizuri. Fuata maelezo hayo pichani (nimeweka namba MOJA hadi TANO) ili kuinyima ruhusa Facebook kutumia taarifa hizo kwa kuondoa alama ya tick...

     (Shukran za dhati kwa ndugu yangu Zuhra Yunus wa BBC Swahili kwa ku-share nami tahadhari hii). Jioni njema
    Source: Evarist chahali

    Friday, 26 August 2016

    Friday,26th August 2016

    Friday mood in the office be like..!

    Monday, 22 August 2016

    BUERGERS DISEASES

    Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. In Buerger's disease,  blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with blood clots (thrombi).

    This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene. Buerger's disease usually first shows in hands and feet and may eventually affect larger areas of your arms and legs.

    Virtually everyone diagnosed with Buerger's disease smokes cigarettes or uses other forms of tobacco, such as chewing tobacco. Quitting all forms of tobacco is the only way to stop Buerger's disease. For those who don't quit, amputation of all or part of a limb is sometimes necessary.

    Friday, 19 August 2016

    KUPATWA KWA JUA SEPTEMBER MOSI

    Wageni waanza kuwasili nchini kushuhudia tukio la kupatwa kwa jua tarehe 1 Septemba .
    Kwa Tanzania mikoa ya nyanda za juu ndipo tukio hilo  llitaonekana vizuri

    Tuesday, 16 August 2016

    Pangani| Ahadi Ya Magufuli Yatekelezwa,

    USAFIRI
    Abiria walitoka kwenye Kivuko cha Mto Pangani kilichoanza kazi hivi karibu baada ya kuwasili kutoka Dar es Salaam kilikoundwa, ikiwa ni ahadi iliyotolewa na Rais John Magufuli wakati wa kampeni ya Uchaguzi Mkuu wa mwaka jana. Picha na Burhani Yakub

    Monday, 15 August 2016

    Rio 2016| Bolt made it again

    Bolt ameshinda tena kwa mara nyingine katika mita 100 ya riadha yanayoendelea huko nchini brazil

    Jamaica's Usain Bolt became the first athlete to win three Olympic 100m titles by beating American Justin Gatlin to gold at Rio 2016.


    Bolt, 29, ran 9.81 seconds in his final Olympics to replicate his success at Beijing 2008 and London 2012.

    Gatlin, twice banned for doping offences, finished 0.08 seconds behind Bolt to take silver."Somebody said I can become immortal. Two more medals to go and I can sign off. Immortal," said Bolt.

    Canada's Andre de Grasse took bronze in a personal best of 9.91, ahead of Bolt's Jamaican team-mate Yohan Blake.

    There was no British interest in Sunday's showpiece as CJ Ujah and James Dasaolu were eliminated in the semi-finals.Bolt remains on target to leave Rio with a third successive Olympic treble, and a ninth gold, having won the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay titles in 2008 and 2012."It wasn't perfect today but I got it done and I'm pretty proud of what I've achieved - nobody else has done it or even attempted it," he added."I expected to go faster, but I'm happy that I won. I did what I had to."Bolt was slower out of the blocks than 34-year-old Gatlin, who was aiming to regain the title he won at Athens 2004.

    But he surged through from 60 metres to pass Gatlin and comfortably win his seventh Olympic gold.

    Bolt received a hero's reception as he walked out into Rio's Olympic Stadium before the race, and the crowd chanted his name after his victory."It wasn't about the time, it was just about winning the gold and going out on top," said Michael Johnson, four-time Olympic champion and BBC Sport analyst.

    The world record holder, who said in February he would retire from athletics after the 2017 World Championships, competes in qualifying for the men's 200 on Tuesday, with the 4x100m relay beginning on Friday.

    Saturday, 13 August 2016

    Muonekano Wa Daraja La Furahisha Mwanza

    Muonekano wa Daraja la Furahisha linalojengwa jijini Mwanza. Muonekano wake pindi litakapo kamilika.
    Thursday, 11 August 2016

    NHIF

    Taarifa kutoka NHIF kuhusu uandikishwaji wa wanachama wapya!

    MH. RAIS MAGUFULI USO KWA USO NA KITWANGA

    Safari ya kisiasa ni ndefu sana hasa ikichukuwa wiki moja katika siasa ni muda mrefu.
    Within six month, Kitwanga was fired from his job after a moment of madness.Wale ambao hawakumfahamu vizuri Rais Magufuli walishangaa kitendo cha kumfukuza kazi Kitwanga ambaye ni rafiki wake wa karibu lakini wale wanamfahamu vizuri hawakushangaa hata kidogo.
    Kama ni somo, Kitwanga has learned the hard way.Rais wa Jamhuri ya Mungano wa Tanzania, Dkt. John Pombe Magufuli akisalimiana na Mbunge wa Misungwi, Mhe. Charles Kitwanga baada ya kuzungumza na wakazi na wasafiri eneo la Busisi kabla ya kuvuka na kuelekea Jijini Mwanza.
    Rais wa Jamhuri ya Mungano wa Tanzania,  Dkt. John Pombe Magufuli akimsikiliza Mbunge wa Misungwi, Mhe. Charles Kitwanga akimtajia badhi ya changamoto jimboni kwake mbele ya  wakazi  wa Usagara katika jimbo la Misungwi mkoani Mwanza.
    Source:Jamiiforums
    Wednesday, 10 August 2016

    MFAHAMU SIMBA,A KING OF JUNGLE!

    Simba kwa kiingereza anafahamika kama lion na jina lake la kisayansi (scientific name) anafahamika kama panthera leo na koo(Genus) yake ni panthera, hii koo panthera inajumuisha na wanyama wengine ikiwemo tiger wa bara la asia, chui, American jaguar, na mnyama anaefahamika kama puma au mountain lion.
    Simba yupo kwenye order ya wanyama walaji wa nyama almaarufu carnivore na familly yake inaitwa felidae, hii familly ya felidae inajumuisha paka  wote wanaopatikana duniani ikiwemo wanaofugwa manyumbani, paka pori, simba, chui, tiger, jaguar na wengineo jamii ya paka ikiwemo cheetah(Duma).
    Simba ndiye paka mkubwa Africa na anashika namba mbili duniani baada ya tiger ambaye anapatikana barani Asia pekee dunia nzima na simba pekee ambaye huishi katika makundi miongoni mwa wanyama jamii ya paka na kundi lao linaitwa(pride) pia simba ni wanyama wanaopendelea kuishi maeneo wazi yenye nyasi(Open area) kama ngorongoro crater na Serengeti national park.

    Simba pia anafikia hadi uzito wa kg 220-250 kwa dume na upande wa jike ni kg 100-120 na katika familia ya simba ni majikee pekee wanaofanya shughuli ya uwindaji (hunting ) na madume wao hubaki na watoto na majike wakishaua mnyama simba dume ndo huanza kula kisha watoto na baadaye jike ilihali wao ndo wawindaji
    Pia simba ndo wanyama wanaoongoza kwenda fungate (Honeymoon ) na huenda kwa takribani wiki mbili, iko hv kwa kuwa hawa wanaishi katika makundi dume na majike ikitokea katika ile familia kama kuna jike ambaye yuko heat hua anamchukua dume wanaenda mbali kidogo na ile familia kwa ajili ya kufanya mating kwa huo muda wa wiki mbili na kabla ya kwenda fungate kwa kawaida yule jike anayehitaji kwenda fungate na dume huwa anamuwindia dume chakula kizuri chenye mafuta ambacho kitamshibisha yule dume na wakiwa fungate huwa hawali kitu chochote wanakunywa maji tu kwa huo mda wa wiki mbili na huwa wanajamiana kila baada ya dakika saba (sasa ebu fikiria siku ina dakika saba ngapi na kwa huo mda wa wiki mbili dume atampanda jike mara ngapi).
    Simba pia hupendelea kuwinda wanyama kama mbogo, pundamlia,  nyumbu na baadhi ya swala na kwa kawaida simba dume ana uwezo wa kula hadi Kilo 15 za nyama na akishakula hizo kilo 15 huwa anauwezo wa kukaa siku tatu mpaka wiki moja bila kula halafu ndo anakuja kuwinda tena.Katika kuwinda kwao wanatumia staili kuu tatu ya kwanza ni sporting ( wanaangalia mnyama wa kumuwinda), ya pili ni stalking ( wananyemelea ) na ya mwisho ni ambush ( kuvamia) na wakishakamata mnyama huwa wanakimbilia kuuma shingoni ili kumbana pumzi(suffocate) na sio kunyonya damu kama wengi wanavyodhani na kwa kawaida simba jike hubeba ukauzito kwa mda wa miezi 3 na anazaa kuanzia watoto 2-4.
    Sasa unaweza ukajiuliza kama jike la simba hubeba ujauzito kwa huo mda na kujifungua watoto wengi mbona simba ni wachache? Iko hv hawa wanaishi kwenye makundi dume akimiliki majike wake na huwa hawa madume wenye familia wanachallengiwa na madume ambao hawana familly kwa ajili ya kimiliki zile familly na ikumbukwe sio madume wote wa simba wanamiliki familia sasa ikitokea kwa bahati mbaya huyu simba mwenye family akapigwa na dume mwenzake ambaye hana family huyu dume ambaye hana family atachukua ile family ya yule dume aliyempiga na kuitawala yeye na kwenye ile family akikuta kuna watoto wa yule dume aliyempiga atakachofanya huyu dume atawaua wale watoto wote kwa sababu hawezilea damu isiyoyake na anafanya vile ili jike mwenye wale watoto apatwe na uchungu aingie kwenye heat ili ambebeshe mimba yake na kama kwenye ile familia kuna jike mwenye ujauzito atakachofanya huyu dume atamchukua yule jike atamtoa nje ya family na ataforce kumpanda hadi ile mimba itoke then anampachika mimba yake. Vile vile hawa simba dunia nzima wanapatikana Africa na Asia na katika bara la asia wanapatikana pale india pekee katika msitu unaoitwa geyforest. Vilevile hawa simba ndo wanyama wanaoongoza kulala kwa siku hulala masaa 16 na kufanya kazi masaa 8 na kawaida wanawinda usiku na wakati mwingine mchana pale hali inaporuhusu na hawa ni wachangamfu mchana na usiku (diurnal and nocturnal ) yaani wao huona usiku na mchana. Huyo ndo bwana simba (king of jungle ) kama wengi wanavyopenda kumwita.
    Source:Jamiiforum
    Tuesday, 9 August 2016

    Utumbuaji Wa Majipu Waendelea Mbeya

    MBEYA: Waziri Mkuu, Kassim Majaliwa leo amefanya ziara ya kushtukiza katika soko la Mwanjelwa na kubaini upotevu wa shilingi Milioni 400.
    - Amempa siku tatu Mkuu wa Mkoa Amos Makalla kufanya uchunguzi na kubaini nani aliyetafuna shilingi milioni 489 zilizotolewa na Benki ya CRDB kwa ajili ya uendelezaji wa soko hilo ambazo hazijulikani zilipo
    Monday, 8 August 2016

    Habari Njema Kwa Wapenzi Wa Supu Ya Pweza,Inaongeza Hamu Ya Mapenzi!

    It should not be a myth anymore. We now have the preliminary evidence that gives us a ray of hope to prove the same in humans. Octopus soup—supu ya pweza—can indeed boost sexual desire in men.    
    In Summary
    However, Professor Kaale is quick to warn octopus soup consumers that the new findings doesn’t mean that a cure for sexual dysfunction among men has been found
    Dar es Salaam. Pharmacists at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Muhas) say they now have scientific proof that octopus soup—popular known as supu ya pweza—can indeed boost sexual desire in men. 
    For many years, it was widely believed by most people living along the coast of Tanzania and the wider East Africa that octopus soup increases libido among men. But there was no scientific evidence to back up their claims.
    “It should not be a myth anymore. We now have the preliminary evidence that gives us a ray of hope to prove the same effect in humans in further studies,” says Professor Eliangiringa Kaale, the Head of the Research and Development Laboratory at Muhas School of Pharmacy who co-supervised the study. The team of researchers includes three supervising pharmacists and two students of pharmacy. The study was carried out on male mice.
    However, Professor Kaale is quick to warn octopus soup consumers that the new findings doesn’t mean that a cure for sexual dysfunction among men has been found.
    “I strongly recommend octopus soup as a nutritious substance with the potential to boost the consumers’ sexual health but not as a medical drug to cure sexual dysfunction,’’ he said this in his office in an exclusive interview.
    According to medical sources, octopus is a low calorie, lean seafood. It is rich in minerals such as iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and selenium. 
    It’s also a good source of important vitamins including Vitamin C, Vitamin A and several B vitamins, as well as Omega-3-a nutrient that has been associated with reducing chances of heart disease, cancer and depression among people. Omega 3 also boosts immunity and aids brain development in children.
    In Dar es Salaam, like in most other coastal areas of Tanzania, the demand for octopus cuts across all walks of life.  Open air joints and some high end restaurants are known for making huge sums of money from selling the octopus soup and its meat.
    At R&S restaurant in Buguruni, Ilala District in the city,  Athuman Abdallah sells one bowl of octopus soup at Sh2000 but when you move outside his restaurant, close to the bus station, a small piece of the meat goes up to Sh500. 
    Abdallah says that the majority of his customers are men aged 40 years and above. He says the demand for the octopus meat is very high and most men tend to believe it really boosts their sexual desires without any scientific evidence. .
    At around 6pm at Buguruni market, a man holds one small sack of about one kilogram of octopus meat. He says, “I usually drink a cup of octopus soup daily and I carry home some pieces of the meat. I can assure you that it increases the urge for ‘the game’ as well as increasing stamina.”
    Radhia Shaban (35), a resident of Tabata in the city believes the octopus meat is good for her general health. “ I have heard that it can even prevent diseases such as cancer,” she says.
    However, a cancer specialist at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dr Heri Tungaraza, says there is yet no scientific evidence to support the claim that octopus meat or soup can prevent the growth of cancer cells.
    However, he admits, “In the aspects of sexual health, the general belief, especially among most men, has been that it increases sexual urge. We didn’t have scientific evidence to prove their belief.” But they do.
    Out of curiosity, the Muhas pharmacists have been trying to establish if there were indeed any substances with aphrodisiac potential in the octopus. The study started way back in November last year.
     “During the experiment, we (the researchers) observed the mice behavior over 24 hours. We subjected them to different conditions and monitored how and when the male mice mounted and penetrated the females, and if there were any ejaculations in the process.’’
    “We chose mice because their genetic, biological and behavior characteristics closely resemble those of human beings. In that case, many symptoms or signs of human conditions can be replicated in the mice. It took us months to study their behavior,’’ says Nelson Masotta, from the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Muhas who co-ordinated the study.
    “The first thing we did as researchers, was to ensure that the octopus soup we collected from the market was not adulterated with drugs such as Viagra,’’ says Masotta.
    “We actually collected samples of the soup from 60 busiest centres in Dar es Salaam, where the soup is mainly sold.  We found no traces of Sildenafil (Viagra) or any other medical drug that boosts sexual desire,’’ says Masotta. 
    “We used a method called High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography to test the samples we collected from the streets. Then, we took the mice and categorized them into 5 groups and gave each group something different to feed on,’’ he goes on to say as he narrates how the new scientific evidence came to the fore. 
    The first group of mice was what we call the control—we gave them normal food. The second group was given a pure mixture of octopus and hot water. The third group was then fed on lower concentration of the octopus and hot water, the fourth group was given normal fish meat (kibua) and the fifth was given Viagra.
    He says all the mice were subjected to the same environment to avoid bias. Masotta further explains that each male mouse was then paired with its female counterpart for a mating process so that their sexual behavior would be easily monitored.  
    ‘Then, female mice were artificially brought into heat period and were paired in ratio of 1 male:1 female in the cage.’ 
    “The mating phases were then closely monitored and recorded on video as soon as they appeared and disappeared. We then went ahead to transcribe their frequency of mating, their phases of sexual behavior by using video displays. The male mice that were fed on the mixture of pure extracts of octopus and hot water, demonstrated a remarkable increase in sexual vigour,’’ says Masotta.
    The researchers also noted that the size of testes for male mice which were given the octopus and hot water extract were observed to be larger compared to those that were not given the same.  
    “Our conclusion was that the  mixture of octopus and hot water led to an increase in the male hormone (testosterone) in the male mice and then caused to such behavioral change,” he says.
    The aphrodisiac activity that was observed among the mice supports the earlier claims among men who have been traditionally using octopus soup as a recipe for enhancing sexual function. 
    Masotta also explains that they are yet to find out the exact substances within octopus soup that might have have led to increased sexual desire in animals. 
    “We believe, zinc, which is one of the mineral components in octopus might have caused an increase in male hormone. In further studies, we may want to measure the amount of male hormone in the blood. However, as a drug developer, I wouldn’t actually say we now have a tangible medication for erectile disorders among men. 
    “We also need more sophisticated equipment such as the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) to be able to isolate and view the substance behind the increased male hormones to increase and sexual urge,’’ he says. 
    A reproductive health expert, Dr Dismas Majaliwa from Marie Stopes in Dar es Salaam, who did not take part in the study, believes the new findings might arouse a lot of curiosity among people with reproductive health challenges—such as those that are impotent. 
     “Publishing these findings can be tricky though. This might attract the attention of men suffering from impotence,’’ he says.  
    Research on sexual desire is notorious for being a complex undertaking. Academics exploring the science behind the desire have had a tough time dealing with backlash and being accused of bias. It is difficult to quantify something as subjective as the sex drive. But Prof Kaale says that the need to research on sexual health is as important as researching on the general health and well-being.
    “There are many people out there whose relationships have been affected due to challenges arising from poor quality of sexual life,” he says.
    A study published in 2014 in the Pan-African Medical Journal revealed that that there was a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus at MNH.  “More than half (55.1 percent) of the patients who were involved in the study were found to have some form of erectile dysfunction,’’ the study shows. It revealed further that 12.8 % had mild dysfunction, 11.5 % had moderate and 27.9 % had severe dysfunction. It was titled, the Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among diabetic men attending diabetic clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital.
    Source: The citizen

    Phelps ashinda medali ya 19 ya dhahabu olympics

    Muogeleaji maarufu kutoka marekani,michael phelips au kama anavyoitwa na mashabiki wake kwa jina la flying fish,ameshinda medali ya dhahabu na kuwa na medali 19 za dhahabu tangu aanze kushiriki katika michuano ya kuogelea ya olympics.Kwa mwaka huu olympics inafanyika huko Rio,brazil.

    Friday, 5 August 2016

    CHUNUSI| Fahamu sababu za chunusi na tiba yake kwa ufupi

    Chunusi ni nini?
    Chunusi ni sababu iliyozoeleka ya kutokea kwa mabaka kwa watu kuanzia umri wa miaka 12 na 25 na wakati mwingine kwa watu wenye umri zaidi ya hapo. Wavulana huathriwa zaidi kuliko wasichana na mara nying huathiri maeneo ya uso, mgongo, shingo na kifuani.
     Hali hii isipotibiwa inaweza kukaa kwa zaidi ya hata miaka 5 kabla ya kuondoka kabisa lakini pia kwa baadhi ya watu huweza kukaa zaidi.

    Nini Husabababisha Chunusi?

    Ijue Ngozi Kwanza kwa ufupi

    Kuielewa ngozi: Chini ya ngozi kuna tezi (Sebaceous gland) ambayo hufanya kazi ya kutengeneza mafuta mafuta ya ngozi (Sebum) . Pia kwenye ngozi kuna matundu madogo (pores) ambayo hurusu mafuta kutoka kwenye tezi kuja nje ya ngozi, pia kuna vinyweleo ambavyo vinaota kwenye matundu haya.
    Ukiwa kijana unatengeneza mafuta zaidi ya ngozi kuliko ukiwa mdogo na hii huchangiwa na ukuuaji na mabadiliko ya homoni mwilini au puberty ambayo huchochea kuzalishwa kwa mafuta
    Ni lazima kuwa kama mwili utatengeneza mafuta zaidi ngozi itakuwa ya mafuta zaidi yaani greasy na ndivyo hatari ya kupata chunusi inakuwepo. Baadhi ya watu hutengeneza mafuta haya mengi zaidi kuliko wengine.  
    Hatua za Chunusi: Baadhi ya vitundu huzibwa na mafuta yanapozidi mwilini na hii ni kwa sababu ngozi ya juu vitundu vinajaa mafuta na baadhi ya chembe hai za ngozi (skin dead cells) ambazo zinajazana kwenye vitundu kwa juu. Unaweza kuona sehemu ya uchafu (Pulgs) unaoziba vitundu kwa juu kama baka dogo lijulikanalo kama black heads na whiteheads (comedones)
    Angalizo: Baka au weusi unatokana na rangi ya ngozi au skin pigment na mara nyingi si chafu kama inavyofikiriwa. Mara nyingi chunusi haiwezi kukua zaidi ikishafikia hali hii ya comedones.
    Mara nyingine mafuta hujilundika chini ya vitundu vilivyozibwa, hali hii inapotokea huitwa pimples au papules na hii ni hatua isiyo hatari sana kwenye chunusi.
    Chunusi zilizokithiri: mafuta yanapozibwa husababisha baadhi ya bacteria kama Propioni bacterium acnes kukaa na kuzaliana kwenye vitundu vya ngozi na mara nyingi bacteria hawa huwepo kwenye ngozi bila madhara makubwa kwenye ngozi ila wakizidi huleta  Sasa wanapozidi hufanya mwili kupigana na hao bakeria na kusababisha uvimbe kwenye ngozi (Inflammation) na ngozi kuonekana nyekundu na vinundu kukua na kuwa na usaha (Pustules) na mara nyiningine hukua zaidi na kuonekana kama jipu (Nodules au cysts)
    Mara nyingi chunusi hizi hupona zenyewe na wakati mwingine huacha baka baada ya inflammation kuondoka nah ii huonekana zaidi kwa watu weusi Huacha vikovu vidogo huondoka taratibu na kuweza kuacha alama kwenye ngozi.

    BAADHI YA SABABU ZA CHUNUSI

    Maelezo ya juu ni namna chunusi inavyoweza kutokea, lakini pia baadhi ya magonjwa huweza kusababisha kutokea kwa chunusi kwa wanawake kwa mfano uvimbe kwenye yai au mirija ya uzazi pamoja na uzalishaji wa homoni za kiume kwenye yai la kike au tezi la adrenali.Hali hizi au magonjwa haya husababisha vinyweleo kusinyaa mbali na chunusi pia husababisha wingi wa vinyweleo (hairsutism). Vilevile kemikali pia husababisha kutokea kwa chunusi (Halogenated hydrocarbons)
    Kitu gani kinaongeza chunusi na kuleta madhara kwenye ngozi?
    ·         Vidonge vya majira.
    ·         Mabadiliko ya homoni kwa wanawake hasa wakati wa hedhi huleta vichunusi
    ·         Vipodozi na make ups huongeza chunusi lakini make up mara nyingi hazizidishi chunusi na inashauriwa kutumia vipodozi ambavyo havina mafutaau oil
    ·         Kutumbua chunusi kunaongeza uvimbe na madoa.
    ·         Kutoka jasho sana au hali ya hewa ya joto na unyevu, jasho jingi huziba vitundu vya hewa vya ngozi
    ·         Nguo kubana hasa vilemba na sidiria kutokana na jasho na msuguano
    ·         Utumiaji wa baadhi ya dawa kama phenytoin kwa ajili ya kifafa au cream na ointment za steroids.
    ·         Baadhi husema vyakula vyenye sukari na maziwa huongeza chunusi lakini hakuna uthibitisho wa kitaalamu kwenye hili.
    Some myths about acne-Ukweli dhidi ya uzushi kuhusu chunusi
    ·         Chunusi inasababishwa na kutooga,
    ·          Mawazo au stress yanaleta chunusi
    ·         Chunusi sio infection pekee bali ni mchanganyiko wa kubadilika kwa homoni za mwili, mafuta ya ngozi au sebum na bacteria wa ngozi kuwa wengi kuliko kawaida.. Chunusi haiambukizwi kwa kugusana
    ·         Huwezi kutibu chunusi kwa kunywa maji mengi.
    ·         Huwezi kutibu chunusi kwa kuota jua.
    ·         Wengine huamini kuwa chunusi haitibiwa na dawa, sio kweli kama ukitumia dawa vizuri unapona chunusi kabisa.
    Jinsi ya kutunza ngozi kwa mtu mwenye chunusi
    ·         Usioshe uso mara kwa mara, kwa kawaida mara mbili kwa siku inatosha sana. Tumia maji ya uvugu vugu kwani maji ya baridi au moto yatafanya hali ya chunusi kuwa mbaya zaidi. Usisugue uso sana na badala yake tumia kitambaa laini na
    ·         Kutumia sabuni zenye dawa (Antiseptic washes) husaidia.
    ·         Huwezi kuliondoa baka la chunusi kwa kusugua kwani ni sehemu ya ngozi yenye rangi  yaani skin pigment (melanin)
    ·         Baadhi ya cream husaidia hasa ambazo hazina manukato na zile zinazoleta unyevu kwenye ngozi (fragrance-free, water-based moisturising cream).  Usitumie cream zenye mafuta mengi kwani zinaziba vitundu vya hewa vya ngozi.

    Malengo ya kutibu chunusi: Malengo ni kuondoa mabaka na makovu kadri inavyowezekana. Tiba inaweza kuwa ya kupakaa au vidonge..
    Unaweza pia usitumie chochote kwa chunusi ambayo haijavimba na kuwa kubwa. Chunusi ndogo ndogo hazina madhara sana na hupata watu wengi bila kuwaharibu, ila chunusi zilizovimba na kweka kitu kama usaha sio nzuri na unaharibu uso na tiba ni muhimu kuzuia mabaka na makovu
    Dawa za kupakaa: baadhi ya gels, cream na lotion hutumika kutibu chunusi na hufanya kazi tofauti tofauti. Ni vyema kusoma kipeperushi cha dawa kabla hujaanza kuitumia na ni muhimu kuitumia eneo lililoathirika au kuzunguka eneo hilo pekee
    Benzoyl peroxide  inaweza kupakwa kwenye ngozi na inaua bacteria, kupunguza uvimbe wa chunusi na kupunguza kuziba kwa vitundu vya hewa vya  yaani to unplug blocked pores. Hupatikana kwa majina tofauti tofautiTherefore, it often works well to clear inflamed spots and it helps to clear bna nguvu kama: 2.5%, 4%, 5% na 10%
    Benzoyl peroxide:
    ·         Hubadili rangi ya nywele pamoja na baadhi ya vitambaa unavyotumia kupakaa.
    ·         Husababisha ngozi kuwasha na kama hali hiyo ikitokea unashauriwa kuacha kwa muda na kutumia yenye nguvu kidogo au punguza muda wa kutumia kwa siku badala ya mara mbili unaweza kupakaa mara moja kwa siku. Ili kupunguza kuwasha unatakiwa kufanya yafuatayo:
    ·         Wengi inawakubali yenye nguvu ya 5% kama ikileta madhara jaribu 2.5% na ukipenda yenye nguvu zaidi basi tumia kidogo kidogo.
    ·         Tumia iliyochanganywa na maji na sio  alcohol-based.
    ·         Pakaa kwa mara moja kila siku unapoanza kuitumia na baada ya masaa unaitoa na endelea kuongeza kidogo kidogo muda wa kuiacha kwenye ngozi.
    ·         Ikishakuzoea tumia mara mbili kwa siku.

    Retinoids ni nzuri kwenye kuondoa vitundu vilivyoziba. Ina majina mengi na inahusisha adapalene, tretinoin na isotretinoin ambazo huja kwa majina tofauti tofauti ya kibiashara. Husaidia pia kupunguza uvimbe wa chunusi. Unahitaji cheti kutumia dawa hizi. Unapotumia dawa hizi;
    ·         Unaweza kupata wekundu kwenye ngozi na wakati mwingine ngozi kubanduka lakini hali hurudi kawaida jinsi unavyoendelea kuitumia.
    ·         Mwanzoni inaweza kuzidisha chunusi lakini zitpungua unapoendelea
    ·         Unapozitumia hizi, usikae kwenye mwanga wa jua na vizuri ukazitumia usiku na kuosha
    ·         Madhara makubwa unapotumia hizi dawa au kemikali ni kuwashwa, kuungua au ngozi kuwa kavu. Hivyo unapoanza kutumia inakulazimu kutumia ambayo haina
    ·         Haitakiwi kuwa mjamzito unapozitumia kwani huweza kuathiri kiumbe cha tumboni.

    Antbiotics au Kemikali za kuua Bakteria: Zinapopakawa kwenye ngozi huua bacteria na kupunguza uvimbe wa chunusi. Lakini hazisaidii sana kwenye kuzibua matundu ya ngozi hivyo ni nzuri kwenye kutibu chunusi lakini hazisaidii kuondoa madoa doa. Hivyo hizi dawa hutolewa pamoja na cream au dawa zingine ili kutibu kabisa chunusi. Pia ni muhimu kuzitumia kwa tahadhari kwani bacteria zina tabia ya kuzoea hizi dawa na kwa baadae kushindwa kuziondoa (resistance)
    Azelaic acid huzibua vitundu vya hewa na haisababishi kuwashwa kwa ngozi kama retinoids na zinapunguza uvimbe pia lakini si kwa kiasi kikubwa kama.
    Mchanganyiko wa dawa husaidia sana kutibu kabisa chunusi na baadhi ya vipodozi unakuta zina benzoyl peroxide na antibiotic,au  retinoid na antibiotic. Mchanganyiko hufanya kazi zaidi kuliko dawa ikiwa pekee.
    Vidonge vya Antibiotics: Husaidia kuua bacteria, kupunguza uvimbe
    Hazisaidii sana kwenye kuzibua vitundu vya ngozi hivyo ni vyema kutumia na cream zenye benzoyl
    Tetracycline-based antibiotics ni nzuri kwa kutibu chunusi kuliko zingine na hizi ni kama vile; oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline na lymecycline.
    ·         Watoto chini ya miaka 12 hawtakiwi kutumia hizi antibiotics za tetracycline.
    ·         Kwa wajawazito, wanaonyonyesha au unategemea ujauzito hushauriwi
    ·         Chakula na maziwa zinazuia kufanya kazi kwa oxytetracycline au tetracycline. Hivyo ni vyema kuzinywa kabla ya kula na tumia maji badala ya maziwa. Doxycycline na lymecycline hizi unaweza kuzinywa hata ukiwa umekula teyari.
    Antibiotics Zingine ni erythromycin na trimethoprim.
     Tiba kwa njia ya homoni
    Vidonge vya majira (The combined contraceptive pill) zinaweza kusaidia iwapo chunusi zako zimetokana na mabadiliko ya homoni kwa mfano chunusi zinazojitokeza ukubwani au wakati wa hedhi.
    Ni homoni ya oestrogen ambayo ipo kwenye kidonge cha majira ndio inayosaidia.  Kidonge chenye co-cyprindiol, husaidia pale inapobainika  homoni ya androgen imesababisha chunusi.Kwa mfano kukua kwa nywele usoni pamoja na chunusi co –cyprindol inafaa kwani ina mchanganyiko wa oestrogen na cyproterone (ant androgen)
    Isotretinoin hupunguza kuzalishwa kwa mafuta ya ngozi (sebum) ambayo inatengenezwa na sebaceous glands. Hufanya kazi vizuri kwa kuondoa mabaka hata yale sugu. Hata hivyo hutumiwa baada ya ushauri wa mtaalamu.
    Ni muda gani unahitaji kutibu chunusi ?
    Ili uanze kuona maendeleo mazuri kwa tiba yoyote utalazimika kutumia kwa mwezi mzima na maendeleo mazuri huonekana baada ya wiki ya sita au zaidi. Chunusi nyingi haziishi kwa sababu watu wengi hufikiria chunusi hutibiwa kwa siku kadhaa hivyo huacha tiba
    Hivyo ni vyema kutumia dawa au kipodozi kwa wiki sita kabla ya kumua kuacha au kusema hakija kusaidia. Ni vyema kubadili dawa kama hakuna matokeo mazuri au kuongeza dawa au kipodozi kwenye kile ulichoanza na usiache kabisa.

    Je, Chunusi inaweza kurudi baada ya Tiba?

    Ukiacha tiba chunusi hurudi ni vyema kuendelea na tiba mpaka ziishe kabisa. Kwa watu wengine hutumia mpaka miaka 5 kuweza kupona kabisa au kufikia umri mkubwa wa kuacha kuzalisha sebum. Tumia  benzoyl peroxide au topical retinoid kama muendelezo wa tiba ya chunusi.
    Antibiotics hutumiwa mara moja na baada ya hapo endeleza kupakaaa kwenye ngozi dawa zilizotajwa hapo juu

    Je unahitaji kwenda hospitali kwa ajili ya chunusi?


    Chunusi isipopona unashauriwa kwenda hospital na kumuona daktari, pia baadhi ya makovu huweza kuondolewa na dakatri mtaalamu na ngozi yako kuonekana vizuri.
    Nashukuru kwa kupitia makala hii naumefaidika na kitu..Siku njema!
    Prepared by: Buswelu pharmacy +255767650213
    Ilemela, Mwanza
    Thursday, 4 August 2016

    HISTORIA|Somo La Kujitoa Kwa Ajili Ya Wengine

    Imenukuliwa kutoka kwa Joel Nanauka facebook page
    Leo nilimkumbuka shujaa wa nchi ya Kongo DRC,Patrice Lumumba nikaamua kuirudia kuisoma barua yake ambaye alimwandikia mke wake Pauline na watoto wake muda mchache kabla hajauwawa mwaka 1960.Ni barua ambayo siku ya kwanza nilipoisoma miaka kadhaa huko nyuma ilinitoa machozi sana.
    Katika barua ile alimwambia mke na watoto wake kuwa hana uhakika kama barua ile itawafikia lakini pia hana uhakika kama ataweza kuwaona tena.Juu ya yote alieleza kuwa anajisikia fahari sana kwa kuwa hayuko tayari kuwa kibaraka wa kikoloni na kuwasaliti wananchi wa kongo kwa jambo lolote lile,yuko tayari kufa ili mradi anasimamia jambo sahihi kwa manufaa ya wengi.
    Barua hii inanikumbusha maneno ya Emiliono Zambata,kamanda wa jeshi na mwanamapinduzi wa mexico aliyesema”Ni bora kufa umesimama kuliko kuishi huku umepiga magoti”.Ghafla nikakumbuka maneno ya mwanaharakati mweusi wa marekani,Martin Luther Jr aliposema-“Kama haujapata jambo ambalo uko tayari kutoa uhai wako kwa hilo basi haufai kuendelea kuishi”,maneno haya makali yakanipeleka kwa Steven Bikko aliyesema-“Ni bora kufa kwa wazo litakaloishi kuliko kuishi kwa wazo litakalokufa”
    Watu hawa hawakumaanisha kuwa hawapendi kuishi na wanapenda kufa hovyohovyo,la hasha.Walimaanisha kuwa kwenye maisha yao wamepata sababu zenye nguvu na msingi zaidi kuliko kuishi ili kula,kunywa,kununua gari,kuoa/kuolewa na kuwa na watoto.Wanamaanisha kuwa kama unataka kuwa mtu unayeleta tofauti katika kizazi chako ni lazima uwe mtu uliye tayari kujitoa kwa ajili ya wengine.Siku moja mwaka 2002 wakati nasoma biblia nilikutana na ujumbe wa Mwanzo 45:5,”..Yusufu akawaambia kaka zake,Ingawa ninyi mliniuza ila Mungu alikusudia Kunitanguliza ili niwasaidie(To save your life)”Nikasikia ujumbe ndani yangu-“Joel Nanauka,nawe umetumwa ili uwasaidie wengine”.Kuanzia hapo nilianza kujifunza mambo mengi sana na kujaribu kufanya kila nililoweza kwa ajili ya kuchangia mafanikio ya wengine.
    Mabadiliko katika nchi yoyote yanaletwa pale kunapokuwepo na watu walio tayari kuishi maisha ya kujitoa.Najua unasoma ujumbe huu kwa sababu wewe ni mmoja wao.Kumbuka kile Mama Theresa Alichosema-“Hakuna anayeweza kuwasaidia watu wote,lakini kila mtu anaweza kumsaidia angalau mtu mmoja”
    Watu wanaoleta mabadiliko katika kizazi chao ni watu ambao wanaamini kuwa wanao wajibu mkubwa kwa jamii yao bila kujali nafasi waliyonayo kwa sasa.Angalia kile ambacho unatamani kibadilike na chukua hatua ya kubadilisha.Safari ya kuchangia mabadiliko katika jamii na nchi yako yanahitaji uvumilivu sana,usikubali kukata tamaa kwa sababu ulifanya kitu hakikuwa na matokeo.Katika nchi nyingi watu wanaosimamia haki na mabadiliko ya dhati huchukiwa na watu wabaya wako tayari kuwaondoa duniani.
    Tunahitaji kizazi kipya cha watu ambao si wale walio tayari kumwaga damu za wengine ili wao wabakie katika nafasi bali wale walio tayari kutoa uhai wao ili kuokoa uhai wa wengine.Wako wapi akina Mandela wa leo ambao hawakusukumwa na cheo bali walisukumwa na ukombozi wa mtu mweusi.Wako wapi akina Nyerere wa leo ambao hawakusukumwa na kutafuta umaarufu na utajiri kupitia nafasi zao bali walisukumwa na uzalendo na upendo kwa nchi yao,ambaye hadi anakaribia kukata roho bado anasema-“Najua Watanzania watanililia,lakini nitawaombea kwa Mungu”
    Ile sauti najua haikuwa ya peke yangu,najua nawe unaisikia ndani yako,najua kipo kizazi kipya kinachoamini katika kujitoa kwa ajili ya jamii na nchi yao sio kwa ajili ya faida yao wenyewe bali kwa ajili ya faida ya wengine na kizazi kijacho.
    Patrice Lumumba ambaye hata mifupa yake iliyeyushwa kwa tindikali ili kufuta ushahidi ,sauti yake bado inalia kutoka katika misitu ya kongo kwenda kila nchi ya bara la Afrika-Inalia na kuita”Wako wapi Vijana wa kizazi cha leo walio tayari kujitoa kwa nchi yao?”Sauti hii inasikika katika kila kona ya Tanzania leo,nani ataitika na Kuanza kuchukua Hatua?
    Naipenda Tanzania
    Nawapenda Watanzania
    Joel Arthur Nanauka
    www.JoelNanauka.Com
    Wednesday, 3 August 2016

    Historia|Mtanzania wa kwanza kupata PHD

    Kama Hujawahi kujua ama Kusikia...
    Leo 3.8.16 Sikia na kujua ya Kwamba huyu ni kijana Justinian Rweyemamu Ihungo ambae ana rekodi ya kuwa Mtanzania kwa kwanza kupata Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) toka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Picha hii ni ya Miaka ya 1960...
    Alizaliwa 28 Septemba 1942 huko Katoma, Bukoba na Kufariki Machi 30 1982 huko Newyork City, Newyork - Marekani.
    Akiwa ni Mchumi wa Kiwango cha juu Duniani na Mwenye Kuheshimiwa, Aliacha Mawazo yake kwenye Maandishi.... Baadhi yake ni hivi
    1. Underdevelopment and Industrialization in Tanzania: A Study of Perverse Capitalist Development (Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1973)
    2. Towards Socialist Planning
    3. The Teaching of Economics in Africa
    4. Industrialization and Income Distribution in Africa
    5. Pugwash on Self-reliance
    6. North-South: A Programme for Survival (The Brandt report)
    7. Dialogue for a New Order
    8. Third World Options: Power, security and hope for another development (Tanzania Publishing House, 1992).
    Tafadhali Share kwa Marafiki Wengi zaidi ili Kumuenzi Nguli huyu wa Uchumi kuwahi kutokea....

    MBA AU PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

    Huu ni ugonjwa wa ngozi ambao hupata mtu hasa maeneo ya shingoni,kifuani na mgongoni na muonekano wake ni kama mabaka madogo madogo meupe.
    Ni ugonjwa wa fangasi wajulikanao kama pityriasis versicolor na mara nyingi haujionyeshi mpaka hali ya joto,unyevu au wakati wa ujauzito.
    Pia hizi mba huweza kuanzia kichwani yaani dandruff baadae hushuka mpaka maeneo ya shingoni na mgongoni..Usipotumia tiba vyema ugonjwa huu ni rahisi sana kujirudia rudia.
    KINGA NA TIBA
    -fanya scrub ili kuondoa wadudu au maeneo yalnayoanza kuathirika
    -usitumie vaseline,olive oil au mafuta ya nazi kwani huongeza joto na kuvipa nafasi ya kukua kirahisi
    -Tumia imidazole cream kama clotrimazole cremas maeneo yaliyoathirika kwa week 4.
    -Unaweza kuongezea selenium sulfide shampoo au ketaconazole 2% shampoo japo gharama kidogo.
    Unaweza kutumia sulfur+salicylic acid ointment kila siku usiku kwa week 2 hadi 4
    -unaweza pia kutumia sulfur ointment kama kinga kwa kupaka usiku kwa week 2
    -Kama ugonjwa ni wa muda mrefu na unaojirudia rudia basi tumia vidonge vya ketaconazole au itraconazole..ketaconazole 400 mg kama start dose au 200 mg kila siku mara moja kwa siku 5.
    Tiba hukamilika pa le tu madoa au mba yanapokuwa yamekwisha kabisa na kama madoa bado yapo basi ujue bado fangasi hao wako active.

    Makutano Mto Nile Na Bahari ya Mediterranean

    Je, wajua Mto Nile ndio mrefu Duniani? Mbali na hilo Mto huu hukutana na bahari ya Mediterranean ila cha kustaajabisha sasa, maji yake haya changanyikani  na maji ya baharini. Fanya kutujuza unachofahamu kuhusu Mto Nile.

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